Is Hydroxytyrosol the Most Potent Antioxidant?

What is Hydroxytyrosol?

Hydroxytyrosol is one of the most powerful plant antioxidants; it even surpasses vitamins E and C in antioxidant capacity. Hydroxytyrosol Powder is a phenolic compound isolated from olive fruit and its leaves that acts as an antibiotic and immunostimulant. Since hydroxytyrosol is found in extra virgin olive oil, it is widely consumed in countries with a mainly Mediterranean diet. Multiple studies have shown a relationship between consumption of the Mediterranean diet and a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease, and hydroxytyrosol is one of the compounds cause for this effect. The antioxidant activity of hydroxytyrosol is one of the highest among all polyphenols, even higher than vitamin E.

Why is Hydroxytyrosol Vital to Human Body?

★ Antioxidant Capacity: In multiple in vitro tests, hydroxytyrosol was more protective against various free radicals than oleuropein and vitamin E, such as linoleic acid micelles, and it is more potent in eliminating superoxide anion. Its antioxidant properties have also been shown for hypochlorite-induced damage. In conclusion, numerous in vitro studies have shown that hydroxytyrosol is superior in antioxidant capacity to vitamins C and E. Hydroxytyrosol occurs naturally in the human body; therefore, hydroxytyrosol supplements from olive trees can circulate freely (as the human body spontaneously recognizes them) without the adaptation problems encountered with other types of exotic polyphenols. Similarly, polyphenol accumulation in the body is not a problem because it is water-soluble and is excreted by the kidneys and digestive system.

★ Antibacterial Ability: Olive hydroxytyrosol has been shown to be a promising antimicrobial agent against human pathogenic bacteria (clinical isolates), more effective than erythromycin and ampicillin. Some of these pathogens are Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Salmonella spp.

★ Protection of the Cardiovascular System: Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have concluded that hydroxytyrosol protects LDL from oxidation by free radicals. It also reduced the production of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. High consumption of hydroxytyrosol regulates glutathione and provides antioxidant enzymes to adipose tissue. In 2012, the European Food Safety Agency confirmed that hydroxytyrosol protects LDL from free radical oxidation and prevents the deterioration of blood vessels caused by atherosclerosis.

★ Prevention of Neurodegenerative Processes: Multiple studies have shown that polyphenol intake lowers the risk of neurodegeneration and age-related cognitive decline. Brain activity consumes a lot of energy because it consumes a lot of oxygen. Reactions involved in oxidation bring about large amounts of free radicals that can damage cells. Olive hydroxytyrosol protects brain cells from lipid peroxidation as it crosses the blood-brain barrier.

★ Cancer Prevention: Chemoprevention is one of the major current cancer treatments. Antioxidants have broad prospects in this field. Some studies on olive hydroxytyrosol consumption and breast cancer have shown a lower prevalence of this disease in the population. Hydroxytyrosol prevents cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in breast epithelial cells and cancer cells.

★ Muscle and Joint Protection: Hydroxytyrosol stimulates the production of chondrocytes, which regenerate and repair joint cartilage. Hydroxytyrosol is also helpful for physical activity because it increases glutathione (an endogenous antioxidant) production and reduces lactic acid production and subsequent muscular atrophy.

Is Hydroxytyrosol Safe?

According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) assessment, hydroxytyrosol is considered to be a safe novel food for human consumption with a no-observed-side-effect level of daily 50 mg/kg body weight. In the United States, hydroxytyrosol is considered a safe ingredient in processed foods (Generally Recognized as Safe) at 5 mg per serving.

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